Microbiology

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1.      Microorganism – A very, very small living thing that we cannot see without a microscope.

2.      ​Germ – A tiny microorganism (like bacteria or a virus) that can make us sick.

3.      ​Bacteria – Very small living microorganisms made of one cell; some help us, some cause disease.

4.      ​Virus – A very tiny microorganism that is not really alive and needs a host to reproduce and can cause diseases like the flu.

5.      ​Fungus / Fungi – Organisms like mold, yeast, or mushrooms; some are useful, some can cause disease.

6.      ​Cell – The smallest part of a living thing; all plants, animals and people are made of cells.

7.      ​Nucleus – The control center inside some cells that holds the genetic material.

8.      ​Disease – An illness in the body, when something is wrong and we do not feel well.

9.      ​Flu – A common disease caused by a virus that gives you fever, cough, and body pain.

10.   ​Chickenpox – A disease caused by a virus that gives you itchy red spots on your skin.

11.   ​Infection – When germs enter the body and start to grow and cause disease.

12.   ​Host – A living thing (person, animal, plant) where a virus lives and reproduces.

13.   ​Spread – To move from one place or person to another (for example, when germs move through air or touch).

14.   ​Vector – Something that carries germs from one living thing to another (for example, a mosquito, water, air, or objects).

15.   ​Vaccine – A special medicine that helps the immune system learn to recognize a germ so we do not get sick later.

16.   ​Antibiotic – A medicine used to kill harmful bacteria that cause infections.

17.   ​Microscope – A tool that makes very small things look big so we can see microorganisms.

18.   ​Hygiene – Habits that keep us clean and healthy, like washing hands and brushing teeth.

19.   ​Healthy – Feeling well, with a strong body and no disease.

20.   Fermentation – A process where microorganisms (like bacteria or yeast) change food and help make products like yogurt and cheese.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. What are microorganisms?

2. Name three types of microorganisms from the video.

3. What do viruses need to reproduce?

4. Are viruses living organisms?

5. What diseases can some viruses cause in people?

6. Are all bacteria bad for us?

7. What medicine do we use to treat diseases caused by harmful bacteria?

8. Where can we find fungi in nature?

9. What can some microorganisms help us make, like in food?

10. Why is good hygiene important when we talk about microorganisms?

 

EXPERIMENT

Yeast Balloon Experiment

Materials

• 1 plastic bottle
• 1 balloon
• Warm water
• 1 teaspoon of yeast
• 1 tablespoon of sugar

⚠️ The water must be warm, not hot.

Procedure (Steps)

1. Pour warm water into the bottle.
2. Add one tablespoon of sugar.
3. Add one teaspoon of yeast.
4. Mix slowly.
5. Put the balloon on the bottle.
6. Wait 10–15 minutes.
7. Watch what happens.

Observations

• You see bubbles in the water.
• The balloon gets bigger.
• The mixture smells like bread.

Time	Balloon	Bubbles	Notes
0 minutes
5 minutes
10 minutes
15 minutes

Answer the questions:

1. Is yeast alive?
2. What does yeast eat?
3. What gas does yeast make?
4. Why does the balloon grow?
5. What happens if there is no sugar?

Take photos of the process, paste them in your notebook and make a video answering the questions.

Due date: February 10th, 2026.